Final answer:
Effective biological treatments for depression include psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, deep-brain stimulation, MAOIs, and SSRIs, with aerobic exercise also showing benefits.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among biological treatments for reducing depression, the most effective appear to be psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), deep-brain stimulation (DBS), taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and/or taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Studies have shown that regular aerobic exercise can also be as beneficial as pharmaceutical antidepressants in treating mild-to-moderate depression. It is important for individuals to discuss treatment options with their healthcare provider, considering factors such as current medications, self-medication, and potential side effects of antidepressants, especially in people under 25 due to FDA black-box warnings.