Final answer:
Lack of participation in school activities is a predictor of a student dropping out of school.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary predictor of a student dropping out of school is a combination of factors, but based on the given choices, the most relevant predictor would be lack of participation in school activities. Students who are actively engaged in extracurricular activities, clubs, and sports are more likely to feel connected to their school community and have a sense of purpose, which reduces the likelihood of them dropping out.
Additionally, students who are involved in school activities often develop stronger relationships with teachers and peers, and have more opportunities for academic support and guidance, which can contribute to their overall academic success and motivation to stay in school.
While the other factors mentioned, such as socioeconomic status, peer contact, and self-esteem, can also have an impact on a student's likelihood of dropping out, lack of participation in school activities is considered a strong predictor in many studies.