Final answer:
Primary hyperparathyroidism is typically detected through blood tests showing high calcium levels and managed with monitoring, hydration, and medications like bisphosphonates or calcitonin if surgery is not an option.
Step-by-step explanation:
Primary hyperparathyroidism is often detected through blood tests that reveal elevated calcium levels and increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. If an individual is not a candidate for surgery, which is the common treatment for hyperparathyroidism, management focuses on monitoring and supportive care. This typically includes regular blood tests to monitor calcium levels, promoting hydration to flush excess calcium through the kidneys, and avoiding medications that can elevate calcium levels.
In addition, medications such as bisphosphonates, which are also used in the management of osteoporosis and Paget's disease, may be prescribed to help protect bone density. Calcitonin may be administered as well to counteract the effects of high calcium levels. These treatments aim to manage symptoms and prevent complications associated with chronic high calcium levels, such as kidney stones and osteoporosis.