Final answer:
For men, a waist-to-hip ratio above 0.90, and for women above 0.85, are indicative of central obesity and increase the risk of various diseases. Abdominal fat in particular is a significant predictor of health risks. Waist circumferences greater than 40 inches for men and 35 inches for women also suggest increased health risks.
Step-by-step explanation:
Waist Circumference and Health Risks
The waist circumference that is considered a risk factor for diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke, hypertension, and some cancers varies between men and women. For men, a waist-to-hip ratio greater than 0.90 indicates central obesity, which carries a higher risk for these conditions. For women, the risk increases with a waist-to-hip ratio above 0.85. It is important to note that waist-to-hip ratio is a better predictor of health risks than BMI because it takes into account fat distribution, particularly abdominal fat or visceral fat, which releases hormones and inflammatory factors contributing to disease risk. Men with a waist circumference greater than 40 inches and women greater than 35 inches also face greater health risks.
Obesity overall is associated with several negative health outcomes, and controlling it is of public health importance. Understanding the individual's body shape, specifically whether their fat distribution is more apple-shaped or pear-shaped, is crucial in addressing the associated health risks.