Final answer:
Sigmund Freud is the person most commonly associated with psychoanalysis, which focuses on the unconscious mind's role in determining conscious behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
The person most commonly associated with psychoanalysis is Sigmund Freud. Freud was an Austrian neurologist who developed psychoanalytic theory, emphasizing the importance of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences in shaping behavior. He utilized methods like dream analysis, slips of the tongue, and free association to explore the unconscious mind. Freud's approach dominated clinical psychology for many years and his concepts, including the significance of childhood experiences and the dynamics between the conscious and unconscious mind, remain influential even as they have also attracted controversy and criticism.