Final answer:
Groups serve as benchmarks for self-evaluation and the formation of values and beliefs, which are essential to an individual's social identity. The concept of group beliefs suggests that entire groups can be associated with certain values, even if not all members individually agree. Sociological perspectives help understand groups' contributions to society's structure and individuals' identities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Groups used for self-valuation and the formation of values and beliefs are central to how we view ourselves and are a pivotal aspect of social identity. These groups may be categorized as either primary groups, which are long-term and complex, consisting of significant relationships, or secondary groups that are more temporary and goal-oriented. Individuals utilize these groups as benchmarks for comparison, which influences their self-conception and the consolidation or rejection of certain values and practices.
The concept of group beliefs is notable in that we often attribute certain beliefs and attitudes to a group as a whole, even when not every member individually subscribes to those beliefs. For instance, the Supreme Court may reach a majority decision that situates a particular belief or interpretation as the stance of the entire body. Similarly, certain religious or political groups may not have unanimous agreement on all issues yet are collectively associated with core values or policies. This concept is known as the commitment view of group belief.
There are varying sociological perspectives for studying groups - Functionalist, Conflict, and Symbolic Interactionist - that offer different insights into how groups contribute to society. Such perspectives can be applied to movements like the Tea Party and the MeToo movement. Not only do groups establish shared value systems, but they also serve as a social network, provide emotional support, and create environments where individuals can challenge their beliefs and prejudices. Reference groups like family, cultural groups, or media have a significant impact on establishing social norms and influencing behavior.