Final answer:
The Constitution is viewed by John Marshall as a 'living document,' meaning that it should adapt over time and the term that correctly fills in the blank is 'living constitution.'
Step-by-step explanation:
John Marshall's establishment of judicial review views the Constitution not just as a political document but as a “living constitution” document. The term that accurately fills in the blank is c) Living constitution. Judicial review, as established by the Marbury v. Madison case in 1803, gives the courts the power to nullify actions that are deemed unconstitutional, and this incorporates the idea that the Constitution can adapt over time to reflect changes in society and politics. This concept contrasts with a strict constructionist approach and suggests that the meaning of the Constitution can evolve to address modern issues and societal developments.