Final answer:
The Medical model (B) is the framework that focuses on identifying and treating impairments, which is distinct from alternative models such as the Social model or the biopsychosocial model that acknowledge broader societal and psychological factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The framework for thinking about disability that focuses on identifying and treating impairments is the Medical model (B). This model views disabilities primarily as a result of physical, mental, or genetic abnormalities that need to be treated or cured through medical intervention. This model contrasts with approaches like the Social model, which sees disability as a socially created problem and emphasizes societal barriers that need to be removed to improve the lives of people with disabilities.
Medical anthropologists have critiqued biomedicine for often assuming predominance over other healing practices, which can disrupt and threaten culturally established treatments and cures. A more integrative approach, such as the biopsychosocial model, recognizes the complex interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors in health and illness. This model highlights the multi-dimensional nature of health, rather than a purely medical viewpoint.