Final answer:
Actively applying legitimate or coercive power to influence others is known as assertiveness. It allows an individual to express their own interests firmly and respectfully, differing from tactics like information control or ingratiation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Actively applying legitimate or coercive power to influence others is known as assertiveness. This approach involves directly expressing one's own interests, needs, or rights in a way that is respectful of others but also firm in its intent. Assertiveness contrasts with other tactics such as 'information control,' which manipulates the information available to others, 'upward appeal,' which involves seeking the support of higher authorities in order to influence others, or 'ingratiation,' which is the use of flattery or charm to win others over.
In the context of social psychology experiments, like the Asch experiment, participants conformed primarily due to normative influences, meaning they went along with the group to be liked or accepted, even if they knew the group was wrong.
When discussing educational practices, letting a student move to the next grade without meeting the grade requirements is referred to as social promotion. This practice is often controversial as it focuses on the age or social development of students rather than academic achievement.