Final answer:
The two hormones essential for milk production and release in nursing mothers are prolactin (PRL) for milk synthesis and oxytocin for the milk let-down reflex.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two hormones that play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mother's breasts are prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin. Prolactin, produced by the anterior pituitary gland, is instrumental in the establishment and maintenance of breast milk supply, as well as the mobilization of maternal micronutrients for the milk. Oxytocin, on the other hand, is released upon stimulation from the baby's suckling, which promotes the milk let-down reflex that allows milk to be expelled from the breast. While other hormones such as cortisol, insulin, and growth hormone also contribute to lactation, prolactin and oxytocin are primary in the processes of milk production and ejection.