Final answer:
Specific lung diseases such as tuberculosis and lung cancer often affect the upper lung lobes, as do environmental and occupational exposures to harmful substances. These conditions can lead to tissue damage, inflammation, and respiratory symptoms.
Step-by-step explanation:
Three things that like to affect the upper lung lobes are specific lung diseases and conditions. In medical studies, it is known that certain types of lung pathologies have a predilection for the upper parts of the lungs. For example, tuberculosis and lung cancer often manifest in the upper lobes.
Pulmonary diseases such as tuberculosis can cause granulomatous inflammation in the upper lobes, leading to tissue damage and respiratory symptoms. Lung cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, may frequently initiate in the upper pulmonary lobes. Additionally, conditions like environmental and occupational exposures, such as those to asbestos or coal dust, can lead to upper lobe fibrosis and are thus another factor affecting the upper lung lobes.
Blood supply and nervous innervation are vital in understanding how these diseases affect lung tissue. The lung lobes are intricately supplied with blood and nerve supply ensuring that even minimal damage or pathologic changes can significantly impact lung function. However, each bronchopulmonary segment within a lobe has its own blood supply and airway, making it possible in some cases for diseased segments to be removed surgically with minimal impact on surrounding tissue.