Final answer:
The external carotid artery is responsible for supplying blood to the pharyngeal wall, submandibular gland, and the chin area.
Step-by-step explanation:
The artery that provides blood to the pharyngeal wall, submandibular gland, and the area below the chin is the external carotid artery. This artery arises from the common carotid artery and supplies blood to numerous structures within the face, lower jaw, neck, esophagus, and larynx. It plays a vital role in ensuring that these areas receive the necessary oxygen and nutrients through blood circulation.