Final answer:
Echoic memory is a form of sensory memory that temporarily retains audio information, allowing someone who was initially distracted to later process what was said even if they didn't catch it at first.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phenomenon that you described, where you were distracted and initially did not catch what your friend asked but figured it out without having them repeat it, is an example of echoic memory. Echoic memory is a type of sensory memory that retains audio information. It temporarily stores sounds that you've heard, allowing them to be processed even if you're briefly distracted or not fully attentive. This transient memory store gives you a chance to retrieve and understand auditory information that you might have missed initially.