Final answer:
Mafic minerals are indicative of the high-temperature formation conditions found in large igneous provinces and the Earth's mantle, forming parts of intrusive igneous rocks like peridotite and being evident in metamorphic rocks such as hornfels.
Step-by-step explanation:
Because mafic minerals typically are formed at high temperatures, they are indicative of the conditions within large igneous provinces and the Earth's mantle. Large igneous provinces are extensive areas of predominantly iron- and magnesium-rich (mafic) rock that are formed by processes other than normal seafloor spreading. These areas demonstrate the immense heat and pressure conditions needed to create mafic minerals such as pyroxene and olivine.
The properties of mafic rocks correlate with the ultramafic rock peridotite, which constitutes a large part of the Earth's mantle and is made of iron- and magnesium-rich silicate minerals. It is the source of most of the mafic magmatism and is rarely found at the Earth's surface due to its high formation temperatures.
Intrusive igneous rocks are another example, which form from magma that cools slowly underground, allowing the growth of large, coarse grains of mafic minerals. Conversely, hornfels represents rocks altered by heat, created during contact metamorphism near intrusive igneous bodies. The resulting rocks are nonfoliated and can be very durable.