Final answer:
A population density map shows where the roughly 7 billion people on Earth live. It provides the distribution of populations, unlike political, physical, or climate maps. This demographic information is key for studying population trends and characteristics.
Step-by-step explanation:
The map that shows where the roughly 7 billion people living on the planet are located is a population density map. This map would illustrate the distribution of human population across different regions of the globe. A political map would show country borders and cities, a physical map would display natural features like mountains and rivers, and a climate map would depict the various climate zones around the world. However, only a population density map would provide information on where populations are densest or sparsest, which is crucial to understanding demography, an area of study that examines populations, considering factors such as fertility, mortality, and migration.
As of between 2011 and 2012, Earth's population reached the milestone of 7 billion people, with predictions of reaching 8 billion within the decade. Demographic trends vary widely across different regions, with some experiencing slowing growth rates due to various factors, including changes in fertility rates and migration patterns. This demographic information can be further understood by examining population characteristics and future trends using population pyramids, data, and maps as discussed in studies of world population growth and distribution.