Final answer:
The removal of excess bulk without shortening the length generally refers to hairdressing techniques and not plant biology. In plants, the two main bulk flow processes are transpiration, which moves water upwards through negative pressure, and root pressure, where a positive pressure from ion accumulation in roots helps push water upwards.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process being described is known as thinning or texturizing, which refers to techniques in hairdressing used to remove excess bulk from hair without affecting the overall length. This process is not related to the bulk flow in plants. However, to address the presented questions, the two main bulk flow processes in plants are transpiration and root pressure.
Transpiration is the process where water is absorbed into the roots and then moves up through the plant all the way to the leaves where it is eventually evaporated into the atmosphere. This creates a negative pressure within the xylem, facilitating the upward movement of water and solutes.
Root pressure is a phenomenon that occurs primarily at night when transpiration is low. During this time, roots continue to accumulate ions from the soil, and this buildup creates a positive pressure that can push water up through the plant to a certain height, aiding in the redistribution of nutrients and waste removal.