Final answer:
The cervical vertebrae, consisting of seven individual bones (C1-C7), stabilize the positions of the brain and spinal cord by connecting the skull with the trunk and protecting the spinal cord.
Step-by-step explanation:
The vertebrae that stabilize the relative positions of the brain and spinal cords are the cervical vertebrae. The vertebral column, or spine, comprises various regions, including the cervical region, which is made up of seven vertebrae (C1-C7). These cervical vertebrae connect the skull to the trunk, providing support and protection for the spinal cord as it descends from the brain.
Of particular note, C1 articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull, forming a joint that is essential for bearing the weight of the head and allowing neck movements.
Surrounding the brain and spinal cord, we have protective layers called meninges and a cushioning cerebrospinal fluid. The spinal column is designed to protect these vital components of the nervous system. Therefore, it is the cervical vertebrae that play a crucial role in stabilizing the brain and spinal cord.