Final answer:
The evolution of the stinger in bees is an example of how the last segment of an arthropod's body has adapted into a beneficial trait. Option 1.
Step-by-step explanation:
The example of the last segment of an arthropod's body that has evolved into a beneficial trait is: The stinger of a bee. This trait is an adaptation that serves for defense and for the protection of the hive.
Arthropods show incredible diversity in the adaptation of their appendages, with body segmentation allowing for specialization of body parts for different functions like feeding, defending, and sensory reception.
The segmented body of arthropods and their jointed limbs are both significant as they increase flexibility and permit a wider range of motion, which is key to the success and versatility of arthropods as a group.
Crustaceans, specifically, have specialized body segments known as tagmata and their appendages are usually biramous, which means they have a "two-branched" structure, distinguishing them from the uniramous "one-branched" appendages found in insects.
The evolution of these specialized body parts, like the biramous appendages of crustaceans or the uniramous appendages and wings of insects, illustrates the wide range of functional adaptations arthropods have developed.
Soft shell crabs are a stage in the molting process of certain crabs when their old exoskeleton has been shed and the new one has not yet hardened.
The behavior of horseshoe crabs, which sometimes come out of the ocean, gives scientists clues to why arthropods first left the ocean; a shift that played a significant role in their evolution and diversification on land.
So Option 1.