Final answer:
The term 1. 'antibiotic spectrum' describes the range of different microbes a compound can kill or inhibit, emphasizing the importance of using an antibacterial drug that is precisely effective against the pathogens of interest to prevent antimicrobial resistance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used to describe the range of different microbes that a compound can kill or inhibit is known as the antibiotic spectrum. This antibiotic spectrum can be broad or narrow, indicating the variety of microbial groups an antibacterial drug targets. A narrow spectrum antibiotic like isoniazid is used specifically for mycobacteria, while a broad spectrum antibiotic is effective against a wide range of bacteria.
In clinical settings, using a narrow spectrum antibiotic is preferred to minimize damage to the host's normal microbiota and lower the risk of promoting antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, antimicrobial drugs should exhibit selective toxicity, which means they kill or inhibit microorganisms without harming the host's cells.