Final answer:
Recombinant DNA is created by combining DNA from different sources using restriction enzymes to create new genetic sequences, which are then replicated in host cells to produce proteins like insulin.
Step-by-step explanation:
Recombinant DNA is produced through a series of steps involving the combination of DNA from different sources to create new genetic sequences. This process begins with the isolation of host cells, like E. coli plasmids, which are then cut at specific sites using restriction enzymes. These enzymes also cut the donor DNA containing the desired gene, such as the human insulin gene, creating sticky ends that allow for the pieces of DNA to join together. Once combined, these form recombinant DNA molecules, which can be introduced into host cells, such as bacteria. These cells can then replicate and express the inserted gene, producing valuable proteins like insulin for medical use. Features such as blue-white screening help select bacterial transformants that contain the recombinant DNA for further growth and protein production.
This biotechnology leverages living systems and has revolutionized the field of medicine, enabling the mass production of recombinant proteins. Plasmids are often engineered to control expression of proteins through environmental stimuli, providing precise control over the production of these proteins.