Final answer:
Aneuploidy can occur due to nondisjunction during meiosis, deletion or loss of chromosomes, translocations, and duplications, leading to genetic disorders such as Down Syndrome.
Step-by-step explanation:
Aneuploidy refers to the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes and can arise through several mechanisms :Nondisjunction during meiosis is a major cause of aneuploidy and results when pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate properly. Deletion or loss of entire chromosomes can lead to monosomy, where one chromosome is missing.
Translocations can occur when segments of two different chromosomes exchange places, potentially leading to physical and mental abnormalities .Duplication of a chromosome segment can have varied effects based on gene location .These events disturb the normal balance of gene dosage, which is crucial for proper development and function. Down Syndrome, for example, is a result of trisomy 21, where an extra copy of chromosome 21 is present.