Final answer:
If a member of Congress votes against his or her party, the party leadership can sanction them by removing committee assignments, taking away leadership PAC funds, or even expelling them from Congress.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Congress, if a member chooses to vote against his or her party, the party leadership has several options to sanction that member. These options include removing the member from favorable committee assignments, taking away access to leadership PAC funds, and even expelling the member from Congress with the concurrence of two-thirds of the house. The party leadership in Congress holds significant power and control over the actions of Congress. They have the ability to assign bills to committees, decide when a bill will be presented for a vote, and rule on House procedures. This gives them leverage to punish members who defy the party's stance on a particular vote. It is important to note that while the party leadership can sanction members who vote against the party, these actions are not always guaranteed and can vary depending on the specific circumstances and the member's standing within the party.