Final answer:
Variations in body size and proportions between men and women are due to sexual dimorphism, hormonal differences, and genetic factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Variations in body size and proportions relative to bone growth between men and women are due to a combination of factors.
- Sexual dimorphism: During puberty, males and females experience different patterns of growth. Males typically have a greater growth in muscles and bones, especially in the upper body, while females tend to gain more body fat, particularly in the breasts and hips. These sex differences in growth contribute to the differences in body size and proportions between men and women.
- Hormonal differences: Hormones play a role in bone growth and body composition. For example, estrogen levels in females contribute to the widening of the pelvis and hips. Testosterone in males promotes muscle growth and broadening of the shoulders and chest.
- Genetic factors: There are genetic variations between individuals that can influence body size and proportions. Some genetic variations may be more common in males or females, leading to differences in growth and body composition.