Final answer:
The exchange of genetic information occurs between two non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, leading to genetic recombination and variation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The exchange of genetic information is between two non-sister chromatids. During meiosis, specifically in prophase I, crossover occurs between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. A chromatid is one of two identical copies of a chromosome, connected at a centromere, and homologous chromosomes are pairs that have the same genes, size, and shape, one inherited from each parent.
This genetic exchange results in recombinant chromatids, which carry a mixture of DNA from both parents. Such crossover events introduce genetic variation. Each chromosome can have multiple crossovers, potentially occurring anywhere along its length, causing different cells to have vastly different genetic makeups.
Key Concepts of Genetic Crossover
- Crossover occurs between non-sister chromatids within a homologous pair.
- Recombinant chromatids carry genetic information from both parents.
- Crossover events are the first source of genetic variation in meiosis.