Question

Before genetic testing, what two methods were used to determine if an unborn fetus carried a genetic disorder?

1) Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling
2) Blood test and ultrasound
3) X-ray and MRI
4) Physical examination and family history

Answer 1

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling were the primary methods used to determine if an unborn fetus carried a genetic disorder before genetic testing became commonly available.

Step-by-step explanation:

Before the advent of genetic testing technologies such as next-generation sequencing, the two primary methods used to determine if an unborn fetus carried a genetic disorder were amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Amniocentesis is a procedure where amniotic fluid, which contains fetal cells, is sampled and tested, usually to look at the chromosome pattern of the fetus. Chorionic villus sampling involves taking a tiny sample of the placenta for similar testing.

Both of these methods allow healthcare providers to diagnose chromosomal disorders and other genetic conditions before the baby is born. While other methods such as family history and physical examination can suggest a risk of genetic disorders, amniocentesis and CVS provide a more definitive diagnosis.