Main Answer:
Simple spinal reflexes involve the brain; it contributes to their control and integration, contradicting the notion of independence. b. False
Therefore, the correct answer is b. False.
Step-by-step explanation:
Simple spinal reflexes do not occur independently of the brain. While the spinal cord plays a crucial role in facilitating reflex actions, the brain is actively involved in the process. The spinal cord serves as a relay center, allowing for rapid responses to stimuli without the need for direct input from the brain. However, the brain's involvement is integral for the initiation, modulation, and coordination of reflex actions.
The spinal reflex arc consists of sensory neurons, interneurons in the spinal cord, and motor neurons. When a stimulus is detected, sensory neurons carry the information to the spinal cord, where interneurons process the signal and generate a response. This rapid and automatic response is then conveyed through motor neurons, leading to a muscle contraction or gland secretion. While this process can occur without conscious thought, the brain contributes to the overall control and integration of these reflexes.
In summary, simple spinal reflexes are not entirely independent of the brain; rather, they involve a coordinated interaction between the spinal cord and the brain. This collaboration ensures the appropriate and adaptive nature of reflex actions.
Therefore, the correct answer is b. False.