Final answer:
The second step of the SDLC is the system analysis step, which involves collecting and analyzing data about current hardware and software and preparing system specifications based on a clear understanding of the existing system.
The correct option is; c. investigation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The second step of the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) process is essential as it involves an in-depth investigation into the current system's hardware and software.
This step is known as the system analysis step. During this phase, data about existing systems is gathered, examined meticulously, and used to prepare detailed specifications for the new system. These specifications are vital in guiding further development and ensuring that the new system meets all identified needs and integrates well with existing technologies.
Defining the problem includes a thorough understanding of the design project's scope and the available resources to resolve any issues. Developing a detailed design often requires iterative prototyping, testing, and refinement based on the evaluation of solutions against constraints and criteria.
The process is highly analytical, requiring clear justification for decisions and documentation of each step, reflecting the science behind design choices. It is crucial for systems to understand the existing framework thoroughly before attempting modifications or enhancements.