Final answer:
Treating tissue with cold temperatures is referred to as cryotherapy or controlled hypothermia, used in medical settings including cryosurgery and to protect organs during surgeries like open-heart surgery.
Step-by-step explanation:
Treating tissue with cold temperatures is called cryotherapy or controlled hypothermia. This technique is used in various medical situations, such as preserving biological materials like semen for artificial insemination and during surgery.
For instance, controlled hypothermia is often used during open-heart surgery to reduce metabolic rates and reduce the risk of organ damage. It lowers the body temperature to 25-32°C (79-89°F). Furthermore, in chemotherapy, cooling therapy can protect against loss of hair and nails, evidence of the diverse applications of therapeutic cold treatments.