Final answer:
The term for chromosomes where one comes from each parent is (1) 'homologous chromosomes.' Human cells contain 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes. Homologous pairs consist of chromosomes that are similar in gene sequence but may differ in alleles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term used to refer to chromosomes in which one set comes from the male parent and one set comes from the female parent is homologous chromosomes. In human cells, there are 23 pairs of these homologous chromosomes, totaling 46 chromosomes. Each pair consists of one chromosome inherited from the mother and one from the father.
These chromosomes are similar because they are the same size and shape and contain the same genes, but they may have different alleles, which are variations of these genes. During sexual reproduction, haploid gametes (one set of chromosomes) from each parent combine to form a diploid zygote, maintaining the species' characteristic chromosome number.