Final answer:
The Judiciary Act of 1801 was repealed in March 1802 after the presidential transition from John Adams to Thomas Jefferson. This paved the way for the landmark case of Marbury v. Madison, which established the principle of judicial review.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Judiciary Act of 1801 was passed by the Federalists to maintain their influence within the government after John Adams lost the presidential election to Thomas Jefferson. The Act was meant to deny Republicans full control by creating 23 new district and circuit court positions that Adams could fill with Federalists. However, the Judiciary Act of 1801 was repealed by the subsequent Congress after Jefferson took office, specifically in March 1802. This repeal was part of the ongoing conflict between the emerging political parties and their differing views on the power of the judiciary. This event played a significant role in the history of the American judicial system, notably with the case of Marbury v. Madison which established the principle of judicial review.