Final answer:
The two types of intelligence often referenced in psychology are the general intelligence (g factor) and specific intelligence abilities (s factor), stemming from theories by Charles Spearman and later expanded by Raymond Cattell.
Step-by-step explanation:
Intelligence has been an ongoing topic of discussion and study within the field of psychology. The concept of intelligence has evolved over time, with various theories proposing different ways to view the human capacity for thought, understanding, problem-solving, and adaptation.
Charles Spearman's early 20th-century theory proposed that intelligence is mainly composed of a general intelligence (g factor), which underlies all cognitive functions. However, Raymond Cattell later introduced the idea that general intelligence can be broken into two types: crystallized intelligence (acquired knowledge and skills) and fluid intelligence (problem-solving and adaptability in novel situations).
The question you posed regarding the two types of intelligence aligns with Spearman's and Cattell's contributions to the field. The correct answer from the provided options is (2) g factor and s factor, where 's factor' stands for specific or specialized intelligence abilities, in contrast to the g factor which encompasses the general capacity to reason and solve problems.