Final answer:
Next-generation sequencing technologies primarily use 3. variations of PCR to rapidly and efficiently sequence large quantities of DNA, which has made whole-genome sequencing more accessible and cost-effective.
Step-by-step explanation:
Current next-generation sequencing technologies primarily use variations of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) to obtain DNA that will be sequenced. These high-throughput sequencing technologies include methods such as pyrosequencing, where DNA is fragmented, modified with adapters, and amplified on beads using PCR before sequencing. This process allows for rapid and efficient sequencing of large quantities of DNA, enabling the sequencing of entire genomes to become relatively easy, inexpensive, and commonplace. While cloning vectors and artificial yeast chromosomes are also used in biotechnological applications, they are not the primary methods utilized in next-generation sequencing techniques.
Current next-generation sequencing technologies use variations of PCR to obtain DNA that will be sequenced. PCR, or polymerase chain reaction, is a technique that allows for the amplification of specific DNA sequences. In next-generation sequencing, the DNA sample is fragmented and modified with DNA adapters, which are used for amplification. The amplified fragments are then sequenced using sequencing enzymes and nucleotides. The incorporation of these nucleotides generates the sequence of the DNA fragments.