Final answer:
Extrapolation is an estimation of value based on extending known sequences of values beyond the area that is currently known, thus predicting future data points.
Step-by-step explanation:
Extrapolation is an estimation of value based on extending known sequences of values beyond the known area. This technique is used in various fields, including mathematics, statistics, and science, to predict future values by extending a known sequence of values or trends. For example, if we have a dataset showing the growth of a plant over a week, extrapolation can be used to estimate the height of the plant at some point in the future beyond the last measurement.
In contrast, interpolation is used to estimate values within the range of a known set of data points. Integration is a mathematical operation used to calculate the area under a curve or to combine disparate parts into a whole. Differentiation, on the other hand, is the process of finding the derivative, which represents the rate of change of a function.