Final answer:
The heavy ion content in concentrated urine can lead to the formation of kidney stones, especially among men. Cystine stones are associated with cystinuria, while uric acid stones are linked to conditions like gout. Symptoms include severe pain and hematuria.
Step-by-step explanation:
The heavy ion content of concentrated urine increases the risk of kidney stone formation in susceptible people (generally men). When certain substances found in urine, such as calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine, become too concentrated, they can crystallize. These crystals have the potential to grow and become kidney stones. Various factors might influence stone formation, with cystine stones being unique to individuals with cystinuria, and uric acid stones often associated with high blood uric acid levels, in conditions like gout or certain cancers.
Symptoms of kidney stones can include severe 'loin to groin' pain, known as colicky pain, which is sometimes described as 'the worst pain ever experienced', along with hematuria, which is visible blood in the urine. Other causes of stone formation include hyperparathyroidism, causing calcium phosphate stones, and dehydration, which can increase urine concentration and the risk of stone development.