Final answer:
The Third Agricultural Revolution, known as the Green Revolution, includes mechanization, chemical farming, and food manufacturing as its components. It led to significant increases in food production through the use of advanced machinery, synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides, and improved transportation and refrigeration that are all part of the modernization of agriculture.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Third Agricultural Revolution (Green Revolution)
The components of the Third Agricultural Revolution, also known as the Green Revolution, include 1) Mechanization, 2) Chemical farming, and 4) All of the above. It marks a period of worldwide advances in agriculture, characterized by the increased use of machinery and chemicals to greatly increase global food production. Beginning around the 1950s and continuing through the 1980s, the Green Revolution introduced high-response varieties of crops, expansion of irrigation infrastructure, and a surge in the use of artificial fertilizers and pesticides.
The use of mechanization, which includes gasoline-powered farm tools such as tractors, seed drills, and combine harvesters, allowed for the plowing and harvesting of much larger tracts of land. Chemicals, including synthetic fertilizers and pesticides derived from fossil fuels, played a critical role in the ability to significantly increase crop yields. Additionally, improved transportation and refrigeration technologies enabled farmers to ship produce all over the world, intensifying food manufacturing and distribution processes.
However, while the Green Revolution has significantly contributed to the prevention of global famine by increasing agricultural productivity, it has also been criticized for its environmental impact and the social inequalities it has exacerbated among farmers, particularly in developing regions.