Final answer:
The purpose of adding a functioning gene to an individual's cells is to correct the genetic defect that causes disease. Gene therapy works by using vectors to deliver healthy genes to replace faulty ones, potentially curing genetic disorders.
Step-by-step explanation:
Gene therapy is a technique aimed at treating genetic diseases by introducing a healthy copy of a gene to replace a defective one. This process involves the use of vectors, often viruses that have been modified, to deliver the functional gene to the patient's cells. Once inside the body, the introduced gene provides instructions to produce the essential proteins the patient's body cannot produce due to their genetic disorder. Correcting the genetic defect can alleviate the symptoms or possibly cure the disease associated with the malfunctioning gene. It's important to note that ethical considerations arise with gene therapy, particularly concerning its use beyond medical necessities, such as for cosmetic enhancements or imparting specific traits to the unborn.
Current gene therapy practices are largely focused on the treatment of diseases that arise from single-gene mutations and affect somatic cells, meaning any changes don't get passed on to future generations. Alternatively, if gene therapy is applied to germ cells, it could affect heredity and poses ethical questions about informed consent for unborn individuals.