Final answer:
Charles F. Parham is associated with the belief that speaking in tongues is an evidence of Spirit baptism, which is an essential doctrine within the early Pentecostal movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
Charles F. Parham is primarily associated with c) The notion that tongues functioned as evidence of Spirit baptism. Parham was an influential figure in the early Pentecostal movement. He believed that the exercise of speaking in tongues was a sign of the Baptism of the Holy Spirit, a key Pentecostal doctrine. This view emerged after the revival at Bethel Bible College in Topeka, Kansas, where speaking in tongues first occurred under his leadership on January 1, 1901. Parham's teachings strongly influenced the development of Pentecostalism, a Christian movement that greatly values the charisma and spiritual gifts, including tongues, as essential manifestations of the Holy Spirit's presence.