Question

In a permanent hair color procedure, the small colored molecules enter the hair with the aid of an alkaline substance, such as:

A) Lemon juice
B) Vinegar
C) Baking soda
D) Ammonia

Answer 1

In permanent hair color procedures, ammonia is the alkaline substance used for allowing color molecules to penetrate the hair shaft. This, combined with other chemicals, results in larger dye molecules becoming trapped within the hair, giving it a permanent color.

Step-by-step explanation:

In the process of permanent hair coloring, small colored molecules enter the hair with the help of an alkaline substance. The most common alkaline substance used is ammonia, which helps to open the hair cuticle and allows the color molecules to penetrate the hair shaft. This chemical reaction is part of the coloring process that also includes the oxidation of colorless molecules in the presence of an oxidant, usually hydrogen peroxide, to produce the final hair color.

The process involves several steps, beginning with the oxidation of 1,4-diaminobenzene derivative to a quinone state. This then reacts with a coupler compound which, after further oxidation, produces larger dye molecules that become trapped within the hair shaft, thus giving it a permanent color. It's important to note that permanent hair color alters the hair's structure chemically until it grows out or is cut away.