Final answer:
The structural unit of compact bone is the osteon, which consists of lamellae surrounding a Haversian canal containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels, with osteocytes in lacunae connected by canaliculi. Therefore, the correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The structural unit of compact bone is the osteon, also known as the Haversian system. Osteons are roughly cylindrical structures that contain concentric layers of calcified matrix known as lamellae, which surround a central canal called the Haversian canal. Within this canal, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels are housed, providing vital nutrients and signals to the bone tissue. The Haversian canal is interconnected with osteocytes, the mature bone cells that reside in small cavities called lacunae, through tiny channels known as canaliculi. These structures work together to maintain healthy bone tissue and are critical for its strength and durability.