Final answer:
option 1,Synthetic lubricants are the best choice for use in extreme temperatures because they maintain stable viscosity across a wide temperature range, unlike mineral or petroleum-based lubricants.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ideal lubricants for use in extreme temperatures where oils and greases may either freeze or burn out are synthetic lubricants. Synthetic lubricants are designed to retain their lubricating properties over a wide temperature range, unlike mineral or petroleum-based lubricants. The latter are prone to changes in viscosity and may become too thick at low temperatures or too thin at high temperatures. Synthetic lubricants are engineered to maintain a more stable viscosity throughout such extreme temperature variations. This stability is crucial for lubricants, especially in applications like motor oils used in vehicles operating in environments ranging from frigid cold to the scorching heat of a desert.
Conversely, biodegradable lubricants, often made from vegetable oils, are being developed as more environmentally friendly options. These lubricants require chemical modifications, such as the creation of specialized esters, to become more stable and compete with synthetic lubricants in terms of performance. However, they still lack the wide temperature range performance of synthetic options.