Question

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the text's position regarding the relative contribution of genes and environment in determining intelligence?

1) Except in cases of a neglectful early environment, each individual's basic intelligence is largely the product of heredity.
2) With the exception of those with genetic disorders such as Down syndrome, intelligence is primarily the product of environmental experiences.
3) Both genes and life experiences significantly influence performance on intelligence tests.
4) Because intelligence tests have such low predictive validity, the question cannot be addressed until psychologists agree on a more valid test of intelligence.

Answer 1

Option 3 is the most accurate as it recognizes the significant influence of both genetics and environment on intelligence tests. Both heredity and life experiences contribute to intelligence, supporting the view that intelligence development is complex and multifaceted.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question you're asking involves examining which statement most accurately reflects the text's position on the contributions of genes and environment in determining intelligence. By analyzing the provided texts, it becomes evident that both hereditary factors and environmental influences play significant roles in shaping a person's intelligence. Twin studies, such as The Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, have demonstrated a strong genetic component to intelligence. However, these studies also reveal that environmental factors are crucial, particularly in early childhood.

Learning disabilities, which are neurological and not directly related to intelligence levels, illustrate that factors beyond genetic makeup can impact cognitive development. The theory of Range of Reaction supports the notion that while genetic potential is fixed, environmental stimulation is essential for reaching that potential. This interplay illustrates a mutual influence where our genes affect how we interact with our environment and vice versa. Hence, the answer to your question is 3) Both genes and life experiences significantly influence performance on intelligence tests, as this option acknowledges the contribution of both genetics and the environment, reflecting the complexity of intelligence development.