Final answer:
Three ways of dealing with missing data that don't require imputation are excluding the missing data from analysis, using mean substitution, and regression imputation.
Step-by-step explanation:
When dealing with missing data, there are three ways that don't require imputation:
- Exclude the missing data from the analysis: If the missing data is negligible or doesn't affect the overall analysis, you can choose to exclude it.
- Use mean substitution to replace missing values: Another option is to replace missing values with the mean of the available data. This can help maintain the overall distribution of the variable.
- Use regression imputation to estimate missing values: Regression imputation involves using regression models to predict missing values based on other available variables.