Final answer:
Athena was born from Zeus's head, and the east pediment of the Parthenon depicted this mythological event. Despite the loss of the central figures, other goddesses and reactions are nicely preserved in the remaining sculptures.
Step-by-step explanation:
The goddess being born from the head of another god in classical mythology is Athena, who is said to have sprung fully grown and armored from the head of her father Zeus. This event is famously depicted in the pediment sculptures of the Parthenon. The east pediment depicted this miraculous birth, and although the central figures of Zeus, Athena, and Haphaestus are lost, the expressions of the surrounding gods who witnessed the event are preserved, showing a range of reactions.
In addition to this mythological birth, numerous artistic representations highlight the importance of Athena in Greek culture, such as her fighting the giant Alkyoneus with Nike reaching over to crown her, and the image of the Snake Goddess from the palace at Knossos.
Three Goddesses from the east pediment of the Parthenon—Hestia, Dione, and Aphrodite—also give us insight into the craftsmanship and mythological storytelling that characterize Ancient Greek art and religion. These goddesses were attributed to Agoracritos and can be seen at the British Museum.