Final answer:
In optics, 'distortion' and 'magnification' relate to the alterations in image size compared to the object size, with magnification being the ratio of image height to object height. Positive magnification indicates an upright image while negative magnification indicates an inverted image.
Step-by-step explanation:
The terms relating to size distortion, such as magnification, refer to the changes in image size compared to the object size in optics. Magnification is defined as the ratio of image height to object height. A positive magnification means that the image is upright and can be larger or smaller than the object depending on the value of magnification. Negative magnification indicates that the image is inverted. Aberration distortion is a distortion in an image caused by departures from the small-angle approximation, and it affects image accuracy.
Apparent depth refers to the depth at which an object is perceived to be located with respect to an interface between two media, which can differ from the actual depth due to refraction. In the context of eyeglasses or magnifying glasses, magnification is crucial as it enables the correction of vision defects like farsightedness or nearsightedness by adjusting the perceived distance and size of images.