Final answer:
Option B: 500 mA, 0.10 second, 90 kVp, 8:1 grid will produce the longest scale of contrast in X-ray imaging due to its higher kVp setting, which leads to a higher energy beam capable of penetrating through various tissue densities and thus creating more shades of gray in the image.
Step-by-step explanation:
Which of the following groups of exposure factors will produce the longest scale of contrast? The answer to this question is B: 500 mA, 0.10 second, 90 kVp, 8:1 grid. The scale of contrast in an X-ray is determined by the kilovolt peak (kVp) setting, among other factors. A higher kVp results in a longer scale of contrast, meaning there will be more shades of gray in the resulting image, making it less contrasty. In the provided options, a setting of 90 kVp (with 500 mA, 0.10 second, 8:1 grid) will indeed yield a longer scale of contrast compared to the lower kVp settings.