Final answer:
Naturalistic observation involves observing behavior in its natural context without manipulating the environment. Researchers can use this method to study problem behaviors and environmental events in real-life settings.
Step-by-step explanation:
Naturalistic observation is a research method that involves observing behavior in its natural context without manipulating or controlling the environment. It is often used in psychology and social sciences to understand how individuals behave in real-life situations. In the context of your question, recording occurrences of targeted problem behaviors and selected environmental events within the natural routine refers to observing and documenting specific behaviors and events as they naturally happen. For example, if a researcher wants to study children's behavior on a playground, they would observe and record instances of problem behaviors (e.g., aggression, bullying) and environmental events (e.g., presence of a teacher, availability of play equipment) during the children's playtime.