Final answer:
In a fixed interval reinforcement schedule, behavior is rewarded after a set amount of time, resulting in a scallop-shaped pattern of behavior characterized by a post-reinforcement pause and an accelerating rate of response as the next interval for reinforcement approaches. This contrasts with variable ratio and variable interval schedules, which produce different patterns of responses based on the predictability and frequency of reinforcement.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a fixed interval reinforcement schedule, behavior is rewarded after a set amount of time. Near the end of the interval, there tends to be a gradually accelerating rate of response, which is known as the 'scallop-shaped pattern' due to its distinctive increase in activity as the time for reinforcement approaches. This pattern is characterized by a significant pause after reinforcement, followed by a gradual increase in responses as the next interval for reinforcement draws near.
For instance, consider June, who is in post-surgery recovery and on an IV drip that is controlled by the patient, set to release pain medication every hour. June's behavior will likely reflect this schedule; they will not press the button for pain relief until the hour is up because behavior exhibited outside the fixed interval will not be rewarded. This is a clear example of how behavior can be shaped by the timing of reinforcement under a fixed interval schedule.
In contrast, other reinforcement schedules, such as variable ratio reinforcement schedule and variable interval reinforcement schedule, produce different patterns of behavior. The variable ratio schedule, for example, results in a high and steady rate of response since the reinforcement is unpredictable and depends on the number of responses, not on time. On the other hand, a variable interval schedule yields a moderate and steady rate of response because reinforcement is given at unpredictable time intervals, making it important to maintain consistent behavior.