Final answer:
Liquid bleach contains sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) as its active ingredient, with a typical concentration of 7.4% NaOCI. The amount of bleach added to 1 gallon of water to make a high-level disinfectant would depend on the desired concentration and manufacturer instructions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Liquid bleach contains sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) as its active ingredient. The concentration of sodium hypochlorite in liquid bleach is typically expressed as a mass percentage. For example, a typical liquid bleach bottle may cite its concentration as 7.4% NaOCI. This means that a 100.0 g sample of bleach contains 7.4 g of NaOCI. To make a high-level disinfectant, the amount of bleach added to 1 gallon of water would depend on the desired concentration of NaOCI and the specific instructions provided by the manufacturer.
To make a high-level disinfectant with 5000 ppm NaOCl in 1 gallon of water using 7.4% NaOCl liquid bleach, approximately 256.3 mL or grams of bleach would be needed, assuming bleach has a similar density to water.
To make a high-level disinfectant using a typical liquid bleach with a 7.4% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) concentration, the desired ppm (parts per million) or concentration required for the disinfectant must be known. As there are different guidelines for various disinfecting purposes, let's assume a high-level disinfectant might be around 5000 ppm of NaOCl, akin to what might be used in some medical settings for surface disinfection (but note that users must adhere to specific guidelines, as concentrations can vary).
To calculate the amount of bleach needed to achieve a 5000 ppm solution in 1 gallon of water (which is approximately 8.34 pounds or 3785 grams), we use the mass percentage of NaOCl in the bleach. Since 1% is equivalent to 10,000 ppm, 7.4% is the same as 74,000 ppm. Therefore, the calculation would be: (desired ppm / bleach ppm) x volume of water in grams = grams of bleach needed. So, (5000 ppm / 74,000 ppm) x 3785 g = 256.3 g of bleach. Finally, considering bleach density is similar to water (thus approximately 1 g/mL), the volume of bleach required would be around 256.3 mL to make the high-level disinfectant.