Final answer:
African Americans predominantly served in segregated units in non-combat roles during WWI and WWII. However, pressure led to more combat roles, exemplified by the Tuskegee Airmen and 761st Tank Battalion.
Step-by-step explanation:
Throughout both World War I and World War II, African Americans were drafted into the United States military and served primarily in segregated units. Initially, they were often utilized in non-combat support roles such as labor or service units, including supply, maintenance, and transportation. However, as the wars progressed, the need for manpower and the pressures from civil rights organizations led to African Americans serving in a more diverse set of roles. For instance, the Tuskegee Airmen, an all-black squadron of pilots trained by the Tuskegee Institute, and the 761st Tank Battalion became notable combat units that served with distinction.
Despite the policy of segregation, African American troops made significant contributions to the war effort. They harbored hopes that their service would contribute to a society with greater equality and opportunities. Unfortunately, the War Department's continued policy of segregation in the armed forces reinforced racial divisions, and African Americans frequently encountered discrimination even in the context of military service.