Final answer:
Organizational politics are actions taken to influence the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within an organization, such as lobbying, collective bargaining, and affirmative action.
Step-by-step explanation:
The actions you take to influence or attempt to influence the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within your organization are known as organizational politics. These actions can include lobbying, grassroots activism, forming alliances, or practicing affirmative action.
For example, through collective bargaining, unions negotiate with employers to try to secure better wages and working conditions for their members, which consequently influences the distribution of advantages (like higher pay) within an organization.
Similarly, affirmative action involves giving special rights to minorities to make up for past discrimination, thereby changing the distribution of opportunities within an organization or society. These actions can have wide-ranging effects on policy outcomes, creating winners and losers, and influencing public and organizational decisions and practices.